RQ2-1. The difference between a permanent dipole and an induced dipole is that the permanent dipole remains a dipole when all charged objects are removed from the region, an induced dipole becomes a neutral object once the charged object that causes it is removed.

RQ2-2. a) q = charge on each of the members of the dipole.
s = distance between the poles of the dipole
Q = the charge on which the dipole is imposing a force.
d = the distance from the charge Q to the dipole.

b) The dipole force formula depends up on the fact that d is much larger than s. 1.5 times as large is not enough larger.

RQ2-3.

RQ2-4. Force is proportional to 1/z³, hence if z doubles, the force is changed by a factor of 1/2³

RQ2-5.

Substance	neither charge can move	postive charge can move	negative charge can move
plastic	x
copper			x
salt water		x	x

RQ2-6. The electron cloud isn't always spherical. In the presence of a charged object, the cloud can be distorted, causing the atom to become polarized, which then causes it to impose a force on the charged object.

RQ2-7. The positive charge doesn't just attract the negative side of a dipole and ignore the positive side. It feels a repulsion by the positive side as well as an attractive force by the negative side. The repulsive force is less than the attractive force because the positive side of the dipole is further away from the positive charge.

RQ2-8. The dipoles in water are fixed, and the force on the dipole is invresely proportional to d3 , the distance to the charged object. The dipoles induced in carbon tetrachloride CCl4 varies. As the charged object gets closer, the stretch of the dipole increases.

RQ2-9. Neutral objects have induced dipoles in molecules on and near the surface of the object. These dipoles always form so that the oppositely charged end of the dipole is closest to the charged object. This makes them attractive to all charged objects. It is impossible to tell by experiment whether the opposite charge is real or induced.. It is not possible to induce a charge opposite the charged object. Thus, if two objects repel each other, they must be permanently like charged.

RQ2-10. Like charges are pushed off an object by the "charging by induction" method. Like charges are shared by the contact method.

RQ2-11. No, one cannot charge plastic by induction because charges do not move in plastic.

RQ2-12. All the excess charge, or deficit thereof, lies on the surface of a metal object. Moist skin is an ionic solution containing both positive and negative ions which enables it to be a conductor. It can give negative charge, or receive negative charge.

RQ 2-13. The charge condition of the sticky side of the tape polarizes the slick side of the tape. The skin contains both positive and negative ions. The tape attracts and receives whichever charges are necessary to neutralize it.